When Does a Family Assault Become Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon?

April 28, 2020

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

www.texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

Most family assault cases come to us with similar facts.  A heated family argument happens, someone calls 911, and the police come out.  After interviewing the often angry, emotional, and sometimes intoxicated people – the police make their best guess as to who is at fault and charges are brought.

Many are shocked to see the charges or the arrest may be for “aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.”

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So what makes it aggravated assault with a deadly weapon?  Usually there is an accusation someone “used or exhibited” a “deadly weapon” in domestic or family assaults which takes them from being misdemeanor assaults to 2nd degree felony charges (Carrying 2 to 20 years in prison and/or a fine not to exceed $10,000).

Using or exhibiting has a broad definition legally as does deadly weapon.  A deadly weapon is defined as:

  1. a firearm; or
  2. anything manifestly designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury; or
  3. anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.

Even if there was no contact between spouses, if one spouse accuses another of brandishing an object which could cause serious bodily injury or death – then a person can ultimately be charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

I’ve seen all types of objects alleged to be deadly weapons.  Some are obvious and some leave you scratching your head.  Ash trays, candles, and even hands can be alleged to be deadly weapons.

The allegation can be heart-stopping – but here’s some good news:  The prosecution often sets themselves up for failure by over-charging these cases.  Imagine having jury duty, seeing someone charged with something as heinous sounding as “aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.”  Then you hear they got into an argument with their spouse and the show-stopping accusation is the accused picked up some object while arguing with their spouse and perhaps made some furtive motion which could be interpreted as a threat.  You’d think the accusation is ridiculous too.

There are variations on these facts we see — but there is almost never a good reason to capitulate to charges like these.  The charges can be attacked at the grand jury phase of the case, when it gets to the initial prosecution team — and if necessary at trial.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.  He was recognized as a Super Lawyer in 2019 by Thomson Reuters.


Will Assault Charges be Dropped if the Accuser Doesn’t Want to Prosecute?

March 10, 2010

By Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

(972) 369-0577

Possibly, but it mainly depends on the prosecutor.

A criminal assault or family violence charge in Texas is a proceeding between the State of Texas and the accused.  The accuser is mainly treated as a witness.  The decision to prosecute is squarely on the prosecuting attorney.

This is typically a policy driven area with prosecutors.  District and County Attorneys are elected officials in Texas and none want to look weak on this sort of matter.

Affidavits of Non-Prosecution

Many criminal defense attorneys or prosecutors ask that alleged victims that wish to drop charges fill out an “affidavit of non-prosecution.”  That is a statement under oath which gives the alleged victims reasons for not wanting to prosecute.  An affidavit of non-prosecution does not bind the prosecutor or the judge to dismiss the case.

If the accuser is considering filing an affidavit of non-prosecution, that statement is almost always a statement under the penalty of perjury.

If the alleged victim gives an inconsistent account in the affidavit as she did to the police — he or she may be guilty of giving a false statement to a police officer.

It is crucial for the alleged victim to know that defendant’s lawyer is not their lawyer.  In fact, that lawyer has a direct conflict of interest in advising them.  It is not imprudent, improper, or uncommon for the alleged victim to have their own attorney in these situations.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. Nothing in this article is intended to be legal advice.  For legal advice, please consult an attorney.


There’s No Such Thing as a Minor Family Assault Charge

March 8, 2010

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

jeremy@texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

Domestic or family violence charges in Texas range from class c misdemeanors (the same level as a minor traffic offense), to felonies in other circumstances.  The fact that some are charged as class c’s doesn’t diminish their importance and can act as a trap door.

A class c assault occurs where there is unwelcome offensive or provocative contact.  The state does not need to prove the victim suffered any pain or discomfort whatsoever.  They appear deceptively insignificant because they can be charged in smaller municipal courts and before justices of the peace where the rules are less formal and far fewer people have lawyers.

In class c domestic violence cases, the prosecution may try and add a small enhancement paragraph to the charge known as “an affirmative finding of family violence” under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 42.013 and Texas Family Code 71.004.  If the court enters this finding, even where the defendant gets deferred adjudication, then that finding can be used to enhance a future misdemeanor assaults all the way to a felony.

Most domestic violence cases in Texas are charged as the class a misdemeanor assault — where the state must prove some bodily injury (defined as any pain or discomfort).  These cases can be very difficult for the state to prove.  Often times the state will offer a class c deferred on the morning of trial if they feel badly about their case.  Even in those instances, a person charged must be very careful because the affirmative finding may still be attached even though the charges reduced and getting deferred.

If you are charged with a class c assault where the alleged victim was a family member or someone in a dating relationship, you should strongly consider getting a lawyer regardless of how minor you think the situation to be.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. He is designated as a Texas Super Lawyer by Thomson Reuters.