Defending Federal Bank Fraud Charges

October 27, 2020

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

jeremy@texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

What is Bank Fraud?

Bank Fraud can be committed a number of different ways.  Because banks are federally regulated – the federal government can typically step in and prosecute if they wish over state authorities.

Some common scenarios where bank fraud is accused are:

  • Utilizing false or sham companies for the purposes of banking;
  • Illegally accessing and breaching bank computer networks;
  • Illegally accessing bank customer data;
  • Identity theft;
  • Taking bank funds through other illegal means;

What is the Punishment for Different Types of Bank Fraud?

Like most federal penalties – there is an extremely broad range of punishment and typically the lynchpin question is how much money is involved.  18 U.S.C. 1344 is the primary bank fraud statute and it provides for punishment up to 30 years of prison and a fine not to exceed $1m.  But what is more important to evaluating the severity of a bank fraud case is the punishment range on the federal sentencing guidelines.  The single biggest factor is the amount of the intended loss to the financial institution.  Other factors include the role the individual had in the scheme, if any.

Additionally, bank fraud cases can also be accompanied by a host of other federal criminal charges such as money laundering and income tax evasion.

Time is Critical

With all federal prosecutions – time is crucial.  There is no substitute in federal cases for having an immediate and open dialogue with federal prosecutors and investigators.  It can be the difference between being alleged to be the center of a conspiracy, an outside player in a conspiracy – or even making sure the government knows you’re not part of a conspiracy at all.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is board certified in criminal law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.  He has been designated as a Texas Super Lawyer by Thomson Reuters.


What Are The Federal Sentencing Guidelines

October 25, 2020

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

jeremy@texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

The federal sentencing guideline is an elaborate and detailed chart which are designed to make federal sentencing uniform – or close to it – across the country.

Here is the current sentencing table (November, 2018):

Interpreting The Guidelines

This is the million dollar question.  Literally.  There is an entire manual published by the United States Sentencing Commission (“USSC”) discussing how to interpret the guidelines.  You can visit them here.  Each of the numbers in the center of the chart are the range months in federal prison a person could be sentenced to serve.

Base Offense Level

Very Generally Speaking, the column on the far left is labeled “offense level.”  Every federal offense is given a starting level and this level can be adjusted upwards or downwards based on various factors in the case.

For example, a person typically has their base offense level lessened if they cooperate with the government.  A person normally gets their base level increased if there are aggravating factors for their offense – such as they took a leadership role in a conspiracy.

Criminal History Category

The row at the top of the chart is for criminal history points.  The more trouble the person has been in throughout their life, the higher it can kick the sentence range.

The Guidelines are Advisory – Not Mandatory

The USSC was created by congress as an independent branch of the judiciary in the mid 1980’s.  They conceived of the sentencing guidelines and the guidelines were mandatory for judges to follow until the US Supreme Court ruled the right to trial by jury required the guidelines to be advisory only.  See United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005).

Though advisory, they are still typically followed.  Federal judges can and often do issue “downward departures” from the sentencing ranges for mitigating circumstances.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is certified in criminal law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.  He has been designated as a Texas Super Lawyer by Thomson Reuters.