Silly Traffic Law = Excuse for Profiling

June 9, 2010

By Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

(972) 369-0577

texasdefensefirm.com

Texas probably has thousands and thousands of laws on the books.

There is no such thing as a silly or unimportant traffic law and here’s why:  police profile people and those laws — silly as they may sound — legitimize otherwise bogus traffic stops.  Those stops turn into DWI’s, drug possession charges… and if the citizen isn’t doing anything wrong… the stop turns into general harassment.

To be clear, not all profiling is racial.  Sometimes officers will act on “hunches” about how someone looks, what they drive, or how they act.  Usually, though, there is simply nothing illegal about looking different, driving a particular car, or having a nervous disposition.  The law is clear that these reasons alone aren’t enough for police to detain drivers or passengers on the roads.

In order to stop a car, a police officer needs reasonable suspicion that he has witnessed a traffic offense in his presence.  Any offense will do.  But here’s the catch — no matter how badly the officer want’s to pull someone over, they can’t do so unless they witness an offense or otherwise have probable cause to pull you over (such as a 911 call).  So officers will grasp at any law they can to pull people over that they’ve profiled to investigate for something like marijuana, cocaine, or methamphetamine for example.

The classic law is Texas Transportation Code 502.409(7)(b) which says you can’t have anything on your license plate which covers half or more of the name of the State on the plate… such as a frame your dealer put on the car.  While I’m sure there are plenty of legitimate reasons the legislature passed that provision — I can tell you that I’ve seen police pull cars over on multiple occasions due to this law on DWI arrests and drug arrests.  And oh, yeah… the cars seem to be older and beaten up, (and even the opposite — overly flashy) and maybe have a driver that looks poor or is a minority.  I hate to think how many times people have been pulled over and harassed about drugs or intoxication that weren’t doing anything illegal at all.

Ultimately there is no such thing as a silly traffic law.  The police believe that and you should too!

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. Nothing in this article is intended to be legal advice.  For specific legal advice about your own case or situation, you should directly consult an attorney.


Deferred Prosecution for Minors

May 28, 2010

By Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

In Texas juveniles (under the age of 17) that are alleged to have committed crimes can be considered for what is known as “Deferred Prosecution” under Texas Family Code 53.03.

Deferred prosecution means that the juvenile completes an informal probation with the county and if that probation is successfully completed, then the charges are dismissed and not formally prosecuted.  If the juvenile cannot successfully complete the deferred prosecution, then they can be formally prosecuted.

Deferred prosecution for juveniles is better than deferred adjudication is for adults in adult proceedings.  In the adult world, the accused pleads guilty to the underlying charges but forever waives their ability to contest the original charges. Also, in the adult-system, the accused must gain the consent of the prosecutor to get deferred adjudication — not so in the Juvenile Court.  In Juvenile Court, the juvenile has an absolute right to request deferred prosecution directly from the judge AND the juvenile retains the ability to fight the charges later should they be placed on probation… and probation not work out.

Deferred prosecution for juveniles in Texas is almost always a win-win.  The prosecution gets to make sure the juvenile has some sort of semi-formal probation… the juvenile gets a clean record — and just as importantly the juvenile gets to retain his or her important legal rights to fight the case later if necessary.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. Nothing in this article should be considered legal advise.  For specific legal advice, you should directly consult an attorney about your specific situation.

 


What is a Motion to Suppress?

April 15, 2010

By Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

texasdefensefirm.com

(972) 369-0577

A criminal defendant can challenge the legality of a detention, a search, seizure or other police tactic which resulted in law enforcement attaining evidence.  If the action is held to be illegal, the evidence is excluded (or suppressed) at trial.

Depending on the facts of any specific case, the suppression of evidence may mean the State’s evidence at trial will be insufficient to sustain a conviction — or it may only eliminate the jury considering damaging evidence during the trial.

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 38.23 says in relevant part, “No evidence obtained by an officer or other person in violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or of the Constitution or laws of the United States of America, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal case.”

This provision stems from the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and it’s prohibition against unreasonable search and seizures.  Search and seizure law and determining what is or is not a valid or legal arrest, search and/or seizure is a highly complex and highly complicated area of the law.

In Texas, there is actually a legal presumption that if a search is warrant-less, that the search is invalid.  The prosecution can over-come this burden with clear and convincing evidence that the search was valid during a hearing before the Judge.

Motions to suppress are common ways of defending criminal cases.  Again, if evidence is attained illegally and it is excluded, the prosecution may lose it’s only evidence as to certain elements of the case.  Where this is the case, they lose as a matter of law.  This isn’t always the case, though, where the prosecution has other ways of proving a crime independent of the illegally attained evidence.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. Nothing in this article is intended to be legal advice.  For specific legal advice about your own situation you should contact an attorney.