Domestic Violence Charges – Blog 18:  Preparing for Mitigation and Punishment

December 30, 2020

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

(972) 369-0577

www.texasdefensefirm.com

We attempt to fight all cases on two fronts.  We are prepared to fight about guilt/ innocence and we always have to prepare to handle things should we lose.

Preparing for punishment in a trial is like buying car insurance.  No one buys it because they’re planning to crash, rather, you buy it because it’s the prudent thing to do and the law requires it.  The law requires defense counsel to prepare for a punishment phase of a trial too though we do our best to avoid being in one.

For all the tough talk about taking cases to trial and winning not guilty verdicts – punishment and mitigation cannot be ignored.

Here are my other blogs in this series on defending domestic violence charges.

Mitigation

Mitigation is evidence which tends to explain or lessen the culpability.

I explain to clients people commit acts of domestic violence for one of two reasons.  Either they are rotten and no good SOBs who enjoy inflicting pain on people they love — or there are deeper causes, factors, and issues which need to be untangled.  In all my years of practice, I don’t know if I’ve met anyone in the first category.  The former is a caricature or cartoon figure which prosecutors make my clients out to be — the latter is reality.

As for the deeper causes or roots to these situations — we can and do find them everywhere.  They can be anger issues,  substance issues, or mental health issues.  Perhaps parents or previous partners unintentionally trained them to solve family problems with physical abuse.  Maybe their relationship has the dysfunction of reciprocal domestic violence which needs addressing.

To avoid harsh sentencing we must also present a compelling mitigation case to a judge or a jury.

This Can’t Happen Again

If we are pleading guilty or the jury finds defendant guilty – this is question about which we must be able to assure the jury.  Beyond assuring it doesn’t happen again there are very real victims in domestic violence who need to be allowed to heal in their own way too.

A good mitigation strategy is good for the society, good for the victim and is fair to the defendant in light of all the circumstances.

“Never Lose Punishment”

I have a saying at our office – “never lose punishment.”

Trials are broken into two phases.  The guilt/ innocence phase and if the judge or jury finds defendant guilty then a punishment phase.

We don’t make the facts and each case which walks in the door walks in with different degrees of difficulty.  I’d love to say we can secure acquittals in the guilt/ innocence phase for all – but that’s a tall order.  But we should be able to tell our client’s story in a compelling fashion for the purposes of mitigation if nothing else.

For punishment – the prosecution often has theories and tag lines.  They try to sell the jury on the caricature or cartoon wicked-guy.  We have a human being with a story.  I don’t think we should ever lose punishment.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is certified in criminal law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.  He is recognized as a super lawyer by Thomson Reuters.


Texas Criminal Punishment Levels

June 25, 2010

By Criminal Defense Lawyer Jeremy Rosenthal

(972) 369-0577

texasdefensefirm.com

Offense Levels in Texas (updated as of January, 2018):

Class C Misdemeanors:  Punishable by a fine not to exceed $500:

  • Traffic offenses
  • Assault by contact
  • Drug paraphernalia
  • Disorderly conduct (other than firearm related)
  • Theft under $100 (unless theft committed by check)
  • Insufficient funds
  • Minor in possession (MIP)
  • Minor in Consumption

Class B Misdemeanors: Fine not to exceed $2,000 and not more than 180 days confinement in county jail:

  • DWI (72 hours minimum jail; 6 days minimum with open container)
  • Possession of Marijuana (less than 2 oz.)
  • Theft over $100 but less than $750
  • Theft by check (over $20 but less than $500)
  • Criminal mischief over $100 but less than $750 (vandalism)
  • Violation of a protective order
  • Indecent exposure
  • Racing on a public road
  • Prostitution
  • Disorderly Conduct with Firearms (display or discharge)

Class A Misdemeanors:  Fine not to exceed $4,000 and not more than 180 days confinement in county jail:

  • DWI (2nd offense) (minimum 72-hours jail)
  • DWI over 0.15 BAC
  • Possession of marijuana (between 2 oz. and 4 oz.)
  • Possession of dangerous drugs (usually the possession of legal drugs without a valid prescription)
  • Assault causing bodily injury
  • Theft between $750 and $2,500 (whether by check or otherwise)
  • Criminal mischief over $750 but less than $2,500
  • Evading on foot

State Jail Felonies:  Fine not to exceed $10,000 and confinement in state jail institution for no less than 180 days and no more than 2 years.

  • Possession of controlled substance less than 1 gram (typically methamphetamine, cocaine or heroin)
  • Credit card abuse (using another person’s credit card without authorization)
  • Third theft conviction of any amount
  • Theft between $2,500 and $30,000
  • Forgery
  • DWI with a minor under the age of 15 in the vehicle
  • Evading with a vehicle
  • Car Theft (Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle)

Third Degree Felonies:  Fine not to exceed $10,000 and confinement in Texas Department of Corrections for no less than 2 years and no more than 10 years.

  • Possession of controlled substance between 1 and 4 grams;
  • Aggravated assault
  • Assault causing bodily injury (enhanced from prior finding of family violence)
  • Burglary of a building
  • Theft between $30,000 and $150,000
  • DWI (3rd offense)
  • Indecency with a child (by exposure)
  • Solicitation of a minor

Second Degree Felonies: Fine not to exceed $10,000 and confinement in Texas Department of Corrections for no less than 2 years and no more than 20 years:

  • Possession of a controlled substance over 4 grams but less than 200 grams
  • Burglary of a habitation
  • Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon
  • Theft between $150,000 and $300,000
  • Indecency with a child (by contact)
  • Injury to a child
  • Sexual Assault of a Child (Under 17 but not 14)
  • Sexual Assault
  • Attempted murder
  • Intoxicated manslaughter

First Degree Felony:  Fine not to exceed $10,000 and confinement in Texas Department of Corrections for no less than 5 years and no more than 99 years.

  • Murder
  • Possession of a controlled substance over 200 grams
  • Possession of a controlled substance between 4 and 200 grams with intent to distribute
  • Arson
  • Theft over $300,000
  • Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child
  • Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child under 6 (25 – Life w/o Parole)
  • Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child or Young Children (25 – Life w/o Parole)

It should be understood that though many of these offenses carry mandatory minimum jail sentences, virtually every offense other than Murder has provisions whereby sentence may be probated or suspended for community supervision (probation).

Other points:

There are some offenses referred to as “hybrid” offenses which mean they can straddle boundaries of punishment — but for the most part the levels remain fairly consistent.  Some offenses like Driving While Intoxicated raise the minimum punishment level but are still considered to be in that general category.

Also many offenses are subject to what are known as enhancements.  Enhancements are other surrounding factors that can enhance — or increase the base punishment level for certain offenses.  The enhancement can be for something surrounding the transaction (like possession of drugs in a drug free zone), or as is often the case because of prior criminal history.

*Jeremy Rosenthal is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and licensed by the Supreme Court of Texas. Nothing in this article is intended to be legal advice.  For legal advice about any specific issue you should consult an attorney directly.